Komunikasi Politik Dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Jawa Timur (Fungsi Media Massa Sebagai Sarana Pemenangan Kandidat)

Jurnal Ilmiah SCRIPTURA ISSN 1978-385X Vol. 1 No.2 Juli 2007

AUTHOR:
Gatut Priyowidodo

ABSTRACT:

Governor election as an implementation of Act No. 32 Year 2004 as a matter of fact is a reformation mandate. Governor as the Head of a Province is not elected by Provincial People Representative Assembly (DPRD), yet it is thoroughly left to people to elect one. They decide who is the most proper to be their leader. Even at the latest development, governor candidates are not only carried on via political parties, yet based on results of Judgment of Judicial Review by Constitution Court of Law, governor candidates can be nominated through individual candidates.

Therefore, it is very important take into account that every candidate must at least meet three main  requirements namely principle of acceptability, principle of capability and principle of professionalism. And the last but the not the least is principle of candidate popularity. So, there is no other way to boost image and prestige of a candidate in short period of time except by considerably carrying out activities that can be covered by media. So far mass media have remained being the most effective means to improve reputation as well as able to destroy reputation by bad news reports. The article, at least argue that mass media make significant contribution to success or failure of governor candidates to occupy chair of Province 1 (one).

Keywords: governor election, requirements, mass media

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The Construction of Beauty: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Women’s Magazine Advertising

International Communication Association 2005

AUTHOR:
Katherine Frith
Ping Shaw
Hong Cheng

ABSTRACT:

As a media genre, advertising offers a unique opportunity to study how the beauty ideal is constructed across cultures. This research analyzes the content of advertisements from women’s fashion and beauty magazines in Singapore, Taiwan, and the U.S. to compare how beauty is encoded and found a noticeable difference between the portrayals of women from the U.S. and from the two East Asian societies in terms of sexual portrayal. In addition, Asian ads contained a large proportion of cosmetics and facial beauty products whereas the U.S. ads were dominated by clothing. These findings suggest that beauty in the U.S. may be constructed more in terms of “the body,” whereas in Singapore and Taiwan the defining factor is more related to a pretty face. The article also discusses how feminist critiques of the sexual objectification of women in advertising may need to be considered within their historical, Western context of origin.

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WHITE BEAUTY: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE PORTRAYALS OF MINORITIES IN TEEN BEAUTY MAGAZINES

A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University
Department of Communications
December 2005

AUTHOR:
Micaela Choo Banks

ABSTRACT:

This content analysis examines the representations of minorities in the two most popular teen beauty magazines: Seventeen and YM. Nine issues for 2003 constituted the sample frame yielding a total of 620 advertisements containing human models. After setting up a theoretical framework of the new racism and White beauty, this study investigates the portrayals of minority models. Overall, when compared with earlier studies the number of minority models used in mainstream magazine advertising rose and the portrayals of minority models in prominent roles increased. Yet, the subtle nature of the new racism was reinforced in the following findings: Prominent models were more likely to be light skin than medium skin or dark skin; Black and Hispanic models appeared in more expensive advertisements than Asians and Whites; minority models were less likely to be seen in the workplace than whites but more likely to be portrayed in leisure places and school than whites. Chi-square analysis (p< .000) revealed a significant difference between a model’s skin tone and body exposure.

A textual analysis reinforced the findings of the new racism in teen magazine advertising. It also led to additional perspective on racial hierarchy, long standing stereotypes in the mass media and the White standard of beauty. Although a content analysis cannot be used to determine media effects, this study adds to the body of research on the portrayals of minorities in advertising, White beauty and the new racism. It suggests a number of further issues to examine.

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THE RHETORIC OF AMERICAN BEAUTY: A VALUE ANALYSIS

A Thesis
Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron
December, 2006

AUTHOR:
Jessica L. Papajcik

ABSTRACT:

Released a few months from the turn of the twentieth century, the Oscar-winning film, American Beauty (1999), depicts one of the central cultures in America today, suburbia. Not only does the film illustrate the largest growing segment of U.S. population, it also illuminates the social controversies and crises of contemporary suburban America.

This thesis explores the values, value system and ideographs embedded in the film American Beauty, in an attempt to discover the definition of the suburban culture they collectively embody. It will be argued that the values, value system and ideographs revealed are used by viewers to familiarize themselves, rationalize their decisions, and define their culture and attitudes towards the external world. Hence, American Beauty not only critiques contemporary suburbia, it also shapes the way in which we, as human beings and as Americans, understand it.

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Family Communication Patterns: Can They Impact Leadership Styles?

Graduate Studies and Research
Masters Theses
Western Kentucky University
Year 2008

AUTHOR:
Suthida Prasitthipab

ABSTRACT:

A plethora of studies has worked on family communication and leadership separately. Little research has combined these two components although they both relate to personality characteristics and communication styles. Therefore, this thesis investigated correlations between leadership styles and family communication patterns during childhood. Two hypotheses were proposed representing the relationship between conformity orientation and task leadership, and between conversation orientation and relation leadership. Faculty, non-academic staff, and students in leadership positions from Western Kentucky University were samples of this study. They completed a questionnaire voluntarily. Family communication pattern scale and Leadership Behavior Descriptive Questionnaire were used in the survey. Pearson Product-Moment correlation (one-tail) was used to examine the two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was significantly supported. The results indicated a positive relationship between conversation orientation and relation leadership. Moreover, data showed that most respondents came from conversation-oriented families and used relation leadership styles.

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Gender differences in communication styles: The impact on the managerial work of a woman school principal

Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) Conference, Power and Place. Wellington, July 2008

AUTHOR:
Tshilidzi Netshitangani

ABSTRACT:

Communication is an important managerial function of school principals. Research indicates that women’s communication styles differ from those of men. This article supports and provides evidence for the claim that women and men use language differently. We live in a society in which there is substantial inequality and some of these inequalities are partly grounded in gender social relations and the construction of different gendered identities based on male-female dualism. A number of competing explanations for this situation and considerable controversy exist among different positions. Literature suggests that women display linguistic politeness and converse cooperatively, while men tend to organise their conversations competitively. The differences in the communication styles of women and men may cause misunderstandings in conversations. Due to other factors involved in communication, such as culture, class and age, as well as lack of knowledge about effective ways of communicating, miscommunication can occur not only in mixed gender talk but also in same-sex conversations. Consequently, managers should acquaint themselves with gender differences in communication to avoid miscommunication. Moreover, women educational managers in rural contexts in South Africa experience cultural barriers to communication as African women are not expected to talk much and should feign to know little in the presence of men. Using qualitative research methods, a single case study was conducted in Limpopo Province, South Africa, to explore the communication strategies of a woman principal. Findings indicate that the woman principal was a good communicator who overcame cultural barriers, often by practising what is not traditionally acceptable. Moreover, the woman principal’s communication was shaped by the context in which she functioned as a woman, a mother, a wife, an African, an educational manager and as an individual with her own unique personality. 

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Understanding how learning styles and metaphors impact communications.

Thomas-Ritt Associates Limited, Copyright 2002, 2003.

AUTHOR:
Thomas Stirr
ABSTRACT:

Stories and metaphors are some of the oldest forms of communication and teaching. Entire cultures have survived for hundreds of years by passing down knowledge through the use of these techniques. We can dramatically improve our interpersonal communications by developing our abilities to create metaphors and stimulate them in other people.

Using metaphors comes naturally for many people.

Most metaphors are ‘picture based’ and therefore have strong appeal to people that are predominantly visual learners. People that are strong visual learners are usually very comfortable creating metaphors and relating to those that surface during discussions. Kinesthetic learners (those that learn by touch, feeling or doing) or auditory learners (those that learn by hearing) often have difficulty relating to the visual stimulation of picture-based metaphors.

Recognizing learning styles.

By paying attention to way other people speak and what they do, we can identify their predominant learning style and use this knowledge to build strong communication bridges with them. The chart at the end of this article is a brief summary of some learning style clues.

Evoking learning styles.

The most powerful metaphors are those that are created by the people we talk to, since they help demonstrate personal context and create a neutral and safe discussion territory. By asking very simple questions coaches can stimulate particular kinds of client recall. This can be critical in helping a coach who is not a strong visual learner relate to a client metaphor.

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Gender-Based Communication Styles, Trust, and Satisfaction in Virtual Teams

Journal of Information, Information Technology, and Organizations Volume 2, 2007

AUTHOR:
Kimberly Furumo
J. Michael Pearson

ABSTRACT:

Previous studies have identified the difficulty of communicating in virtual teams. The lack of media richness, or opportunity for using non-verbal cues, leads to misunderstood communications and may limit the development of trust. Studies have also shown that males and females are socialized to communicate differently. Males use communication in teams to establish dominance and position while females use it to establish relationships and gain trust. In this study, we analyzed whether the gender of individual team members or the gender composition of the team impacted trust and satisfaction in short-duration virtual teams. Expectedly, females reported higher trust than males. However, team gender composition did not impact trust or satisfaction. The findings also indicate that males had less ability to dominate team interaction and that asynchronous computer mediated communication could equalize interactions among male and female team members.

Keywords: virtual teams, asynchronous computer mediated communication, gender, trust, satisfaction, female-homogeneous teams, male-homogeneous teams, gender-heterogeneous teams

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PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI MASSA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT: Analisa ”Kedatangan Presiden Bush” dengan menggunakan Teori Agenda Setting

Jurnal Universitas Budi Luhur, Vol.2-No.1-Januari 2007

AUTHOR:
Wina Puspitasari , S.Sos
OVERVIEW:

Agenda setting is one of the several theories that explain the powerfull of mass media. According this theory,issue that having more attention from media will be closed and be important issue for public.Teori agenda setting yang dikemukakan oleh Maxwell Mc Combs dan Donald Shaw adalah  salah satu teori tentang proses dampak media atau efek komunikasi massa terhadap masyarakat dan budaya. Teori ini termasuk dalam Phase 3 dari The Primes Of Media Effect yakni Powerful Media Rediscovered. Meskipun biasanya lebih dirujuk sebagai fungsi belajar media massa dari pada sebagai teori. Agenda setting menggambarkan kekuatan pengaruh media yang sangat kuat terhadap pembentukan opini masyarakat.

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THE ORGANIZATIONAL ASSIMILATION THEORY (TEORI ASIMILASI ORGANISASI), SUATU APLIKASI TEORI KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI PADA PROSES ADAPTASI KARYAWAN BARU DI PERUSAHAAN

Majalah Ilmiah Unikom, Volume 6, Februari 2006, pp. 93-100


AUTHOR:
MELLY MAULIN PURWANINGWULAN

ABSTRACT:

Aplikasi teori komunikasi telah banyak dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan. Salah satu teori yang paling banyak diaplikasikan adalah teori komunikasi organisasi. Teori Asimilasi Organisasi adalah salah satu yang juga dipergunakan dalam perusahaan. Teori Asimilasi Organisasi merupakan teori baru, dikembangkan oleh Fred Jablin untuk kepentingan perusahaan, khususnya pada saat proses penerimaan karyawan baru. Proses penerimaan karyawan baru membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit, dari mulai biaya pemasangan iklan, proses wawancara, tes dan pelatihan karyawan baru. Pertimbangan itulah yang menyebabkan semua perusahaan berusaha untuk tetap mempertahankan karyawan yang telah ada. Keberhasilan karyawan baru untuk beradaptasi dan bertahan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kemampuan karyawan dalam berkomunikasi tapi juga ditentukan oleh peran serta pihak perusahaan melalui manajer dengan memberikan step by step procedure kepada karyawan secara jelas seperti yang dipaparkan dalam teori ini.

Key word: Organizational assimilation theory.


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KOMUNIKASI MASSA DAN KEBANGSAAN

Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Sehari Komunikasi Massa yang Berwawasan Kebangsaan, Pusat Studi Pengembangan Wawasan Kebangsaan, Yogyakarta 28 September 1995

AUTHOR:
Ashadi Siregar

INTRODUCTION:

Komunikasi massa, kegiatan penggunaan media massa, berlangsung untuk alam pikiran. Informasi yang disampaikan melalui media massa, pada dasarnya untuk mengisi dunia alam pikiran khalayaknya. Dari sini fungsi media massa dapat dibedakan melalui dua tipologi, pertama difungsikan untuk mengubah alam pikiran khalayak, dan kedua untuk memenuhi motivasi khalayak (McQuail, 1987). Secara sederhana media massa tipe pertama dilihat nilai gunanya bagi komunikator, sedang yang tipe kedua bernilai guna bagi komunikan.

Pada sisi lain, orientasi media massa dapat dilihat dari pengutamaan muatan informasi yang disampaikan kepada khalayak. Untuk itu dapat dibedakan antara media massa yang berorientasi informasional dengan orientasi hiburan. Orientasi pertama membawa khalayak ke dunia sosial bersifat obyektif dan empiris, sementara yang yang kedua membawa ke dunia psikologis bersifat subyektif dan imajinatif.

Dari perbedaan orientasinya inilah pilihan informasi dijalankan. Media massa berorientasi informasional akan mengutamakan materi informasi bersifat faktual, sedang yang berorientasi hiburan menitik-beratkan pada materi informasi bersifat fiksional. Media massa semacam suratkabar harian misalnya, berorientasi informasional, sehingga mengutamakan materi faktual. Berbeda halnya dengan media siaran televisi (tv-broadcasting) yang berorientasi hiburan, dengan mengutamakan materi fiksional.

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Driving Performance and Digital Billboards: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF FINAL REPORT

Foundation for Outdoor Advertising Research and Education, Center for Automotive Safety Research, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, March 22, 2007


AUTHOR:
Suzanne E. Lee
Melinda J. McElheny
Ronald Gibbons

INTRODUCTION:

The motivation for the current study was to examine driver performance in the presence of digital billboards, as compared to other driving locations without them. There is a long history of studying billboards in the context of traffic safety but, although the research record covers many years (1951 until the present), it is lacking in volume and is primarily focused on conventional billboards. There were a few epidemiological studies performed in the early 1950’s examining traffic accidents in the presence and absence of billboards; however, much of this early work was methodologically flawed. After a long gap in research, there were a few additional studies in the 1960’s through the 1980’s, none of which demonstrated that billboards are unsafe. More recent studies conducted in Canada have shown that there may be changes in driver behavior associated with video billboards (those with full motion), but those studies do not address the digital billboards of interest in the current study (with a static message that changes instantaneously without special effects). 

Traffic accident analysis techniques have improved in recent years with the creation and maintenance of national crash databases. A careful examination of these databases shows that distraction caused by billboards fails to show up in any of the accident databases as an accident cause. Likewise, an examination of numerous driver distraction studies demonstrates that billboards fail to show up as a cause of driver distraction. The overall conclusion from all past research is that conventional billboards in general have not been shown to cause traffic accidents or change driver behavior. However, the question of whether digital billboards change driver behavior in some way cannot be answered by these previous studies; this is the motivation for the current study.

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ANALISIS ISIS FILM AYAT-AYAT CINTA DALAM MEMASYARAKATKAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia Volume 7 No. 1, April 2009

AUTHOR:
Isnawijayani

ABSTRACT:

This research aims to know the content analysis of Ayat-ayat Cinta film in socializing the Islamic Educations by using descriptive method and qualitative/naturalistic approach. The researcher also observes directly in the field and having interview with the audiences. The film content socializes Islamic Education. It could be seen from the situation/place, music, sound effect, actor, and the dress worn. It has strong influence to the people’s life. So that is why it could be said as religious film which could be alternative entertain media in socializing Islamic education.

Key words: Islamic Education, language, place, music, sound effect, actor, and the dress

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A ‘USES AND GRATIFICATIONS’ APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF WIKI TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

17th European Conference on Information Systems (2009)

AUTHOR:
Zixiu Guo
Ying Zhang
Kenneth J Stevens

ABSTRACT:

The use of the Wikis in both post-graduate and undergraduate teaching is rapidly increasing in popularity. Much of the research into the use of this technology has focused on the practical aspects of how the technology can be used and is yet to address why it is used, or in what way it enhances teaching and learning outcomes. A comparison of the key characteristics of the constructivist learning approach and Wikis suggests that Wikis could provide considerable support of this approach, however research into the motivations for using the technology is required so that good teaching practices may be applied to the use of Wikis when utilized in the higher education context. This study articulates a research design grounded in the Technology Mediated Learning (TML) paradigm that could be used to explore teachers and students’ motivations for using Wiki technology to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. Using the ‘Uses and Gratification’ approach, a popular technique used for understanding user motivation in technology adoption, a two-stage research design is set out. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for both information systems researchers and higher education.

Keywords: Wiki technology, constructivist learning, uses and gratifications approach (U&G), technology-mediated learning (TML), motivations

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Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, Washington, D.C., December 10-11, 2004

AUTHOR:
Thomas F. Stafford
Mark L. Gillenson

ABSTRACT:

Uses and Gratifications is a media use paradigm useful for diagnosing user motivations for computer and technology usage. This study documents the exploratory processes of developing a mobile device uses and gratifications motivational inventory, beginning with qualitative inquiry and proceeding through exploratory analysis of motivational dimensions for usage. Results indicate that mobile device uses and gratifications are mainly centered on the speed and connectivity with which associated data and information services are available for busy technology users.

Keywords: Mobile commerce, electronic commerce, Internet, user motivations, uses and gratifications.

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A ‘Uses and Gratification Expectancy Model’ to predict students’ ‘Perceived e- Learning Experience’

Educational Technology & Society, 2008, 11 (2), 241-261.

AUTHOR:
Makingu Mondi
Peter Woods
Ahmad Rafi

ABSTRACT:

This study investigates ‘how and why’ students’ ‘Uses and Gratification Expectancy’ (UGE) for e-learning resources influences their ‘Perceived e-Learning Experience.’ A ‘Uses and Gratification Expectancy Model’ (UGEM) framework is proposed to predict students’ ‘Perceived e-Learning Experience,’ and their uses and gratifications for electronic media in a blended learning strategy. The study utilises a cross-sectional research design, and elicits data from secondary school students through a field survey-questionnaire. The findings suggest that there are significant relationships between five dimensions of students’ UGE for e-learning resources, and their ‘Perceived e-Learning Experience.’ It is plausible that these UGE aspects of students’ ‘communication behaviour’ towards electronic media are important determinants of effective integration of the e-learning resources in school-curriculum. While this research focuses on students at secondary-school level, some elements in the UGE model may apply to students using e-learning resources at other levels of their education. This model gives researchers and educators a new tool to forecast the success of development and deployment of e-learning resources in education systems.

Keywords: E-learning, Uses and Gratification Expectancy, Blended learning strategy

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Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century

MASS COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY, 2000, 3(1), 3–37

AUTHOR:
Thomas E. Ruggiero

ABSTRACT:

Some mass communications scholars have contended that uses and gratifications is not a rigorous social science theory. In this article, I argue just the opposite, and any attempt to speculate on the future direction of mass communication theory must seriously include the uses and gratifications approach. In this article, I assert that the emergence of computer-mediated communication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. In fact, uses and gratifications has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communications medium: newspapers, radio and television, and now the Internet. Although scientists are likely to continue using traditional tools and typologies to answer questions about media use, we must also be prepared to expand our current theoretical models of uses and gratifications. Contemporary and future models must include concepts such as interactivity, demassification, hypertextuality, and asynchroneity. Researchers must also be willing to explore interpersonal and qualitative aspects of mediated communication in a more holistic methodology.

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PERANG PROTAP DI SINAR INDONESIA BARU DAN WASPADA

Analisis Isi Kecenderungan Pemberitaan Isu Pembentukan Provinsi Tapanuli pada Surat Kabar Sinar Indonesia Baru dan Waspada Periode 28 Januari - 10 Februari 2009

KIPPAS (Kajian Informasi Pendidikan dan Penerbitan Sumatera)
LSPP (Lembaga Studi Pers dan Pembangunan)
Yayasan TIFA
Medan, Jakarta, Maret 2009

AUTHOR:
J. Anto, Pemiliana Pardede
Truly O Purba
Ignatius Haryanto
Trinanti Sulamit
(kerjasama KIPPAS, Medan dan LSPP, Jakarta)

ABSTRACT:

Dua surat kabar di Medan, Sinar Indonesia Baru dan Waspada, saling berhadap-hadapan dalam pemberitaan tentang masalah pembentukan Propinsi Tapanuli (Protap) dalam beberapa waktu belakangan ini. Insiden mengenaskan yang menewaskan Ketua DPRD Sumatera Utara, Abdul Azis Angkat, membalik posisi peperangan antar media tersebut. SIB yang tadinya bersemangat untuk mempromosikan berdirinya Protap, berbalik defensif membela posisinya. Waspada yang sejak awal menunjukkan penolakan atas ide Protap, makin menggebu ketika melihat ada korban yang jatuh dari massa pendukung Protap.

Kasus ini menjadi suatu cermin bagaimana wajah dua surat kabar yang mengambil posisi berseberangan, dan kedua media sama-sama menunjukkan bahwa mereka abai atas praktik yang harusnya dilakukan wartawan sesuai Kode Etik, dengan menghargai prinsip independensi media, keakuratan, keberimbangan dan peliputan dari kedua belah sisi.

Kasus ini menjadi pelajaran berharga buat banyak media di Indonesia yang tengah menghadapi situasi pemilihan umum nasional 2009 dan pemilihan kepala daerah langsung di berbagai wilayah.

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PENGARUH KYAI TERHADAP OPINI SANTRI DALAM KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL (Sebuah Kajian Teoritik)

Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah Vol. 14 No. 1 April 2007

AUTHOR:
Faizah Noer Laela

ABSTRACT:

Interpersonal communication has been considered as the most effective type of communication to change opinion, attitude, and behaviour. This form of communication involves persuasive process in the subject to whom change is addressed. According to Hovland and friends several factors need to be focused in this process that are source, message and receiver. In the context of kyai and santri  relationship, the kyai as the communicator has character that support his influence such as credibility, source arreactiveness and source power. Since beginning, kyai always maintain total obediencey . Only by this attitude, it is believed by the santri, that grace will be achieved. The totality of this attitude proved by lifetime acknowledgement of kyai as guru. This is the result of interpersonal communication established during the learning process in boarding school.

Kata-kata Kunci: Pengaruh, Kyai, Opini, Santri, Komunikasi Interpersonal

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MENAKAR KEKUATAN DAN KEUNGGULAN INDUSTRI TELEVISI LOKAL DI ERA OTONOMI

Jurnal Ilmiah SCRIPTURA, Vol. 2, No. 1, Januari 2008: 56 - 62

AUTHOR:
Gatut Priyowidodo

ABSTRACT:

The development of industrial television has two sides. In one hand, it gives blessing but on the other hand posses some disadvantages. In autonomy era since 1999, all regional administratives have big opportunities to establish television station. Therefore, they are competing to invite some investors to come. Such as, Bali Post from Bali found Yogya TV, Jawa Pos came to Batam and found Batam TV etc. They are aware that it isn’t difficult to manage media firm. TV has more influence than radio or print media. Since 1950, all country in the world had used TV as media to campaign or to socialize their program to people. TV is an effective tool to deliver message to audience. Basicaly, human prefers audio-visual activity than to read or to listen. Through TV, they can take information, entertainment, and also education values. By 2009, there will be more than two hundred television stations established in some cities in Indonesia. Finally, the audiences will have more channels to watch.

Keywords: television, industrialization, investor

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